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Lieutenant Franciszek Ząbecki (8 October 1907 – 11 April 1987)〔 was a station master at the village of Treblinka. During the German occupation of Poland in World War II, Ząbecki worked as a dispatcher for the ''Deutsche Reichsbahn''; he also became a secret soldier in the underground Armia Krajowa (AK), collecting classified data and reporting to the Polish resistance on the Holocaust transports that went to Treblinka extermination camp. Over 800,000 Jews were murdered there in the course of Operation Reinhard, the deadliest phase of the Holocaust in Poland.〔 Ząbecki himself estimated that number to be 1,200,000 people.〔 After the war, Ząbecki testified at the trials of German war criminals, including ''SS'' officer Kurt Franz, and the commandant of Treblinka extermination camp, Franz Stangl. His incriminating evidence against them included original German waybills produced by the ''Reichsbahn'', which proved that the "Güterwagen" boxcars crammed with prisoners on the way to Treblinka extermination camp, were returning empty. Ząbecki secretly stole a batch of waybills in 1944 from the control house to serve as physical proof of the ongoing extermination program. From July 1942 until the end of war, Ząbecki regularly delivered his reports about the Holocaust trains to the Polish government-in-exile.〔〔 ==Biography== Franciszek Ząbecki was born in Łyszkowice to Rozalia and Franciszek Ząbecki, as one of their four children.〔 After graduation, he worked for the railway between 29 September 1925 and 15 October 1929 in Bednary near Łowicz, first as an apprentice and then as the radiotelegraph operator. Ząbecki was drafted to serve at Zegrze Fortress from 15 October 1929 until 1 September 1931. Soon later, he relocated to Sokołów Podlaski, where his older brother Grzegorz worked at a sugar refinery. Franciszek found employment as a tax collector and got to know the locals. On 4 September 1939, during the German invasion of Poland he reported to the Communication Battalion of the Polish Army in Zegrze as the reserve (''plutonowy'').〔 Two weeks later, on the first day of the parallel Soviet invasion of Poland from the east, he was arrested in the village of Kołodno near Zbaraż and shipped to a Soviet POW camp. After two months, on 13 November 1939 Ząbecki was transferred to German durisdiction in accordance with the Nazi-Soviet pact.〔 He was sent to Parchim in Germany where he worked as a slave laborer on a farm in Klinken.〔 Retrieved 15 September 2013.〕 He was released on 29 March 1941 for medical reasons and returned to Sokołów. Being a railwayman from before the invasion, he resumed work at the nearby Treblinka station on . There he secretly joined the resistance under the nom-de-guerre "Dawny" (''veteran'' in Polish) and was asked by the Armia Krajowa (AK) to keep a watch on the German rail transports passing through the station. This intelligence became crucial following the German attack on Russian positions in occupied eastern Poland.〔 Soon afterwards, Ząbecki was given the task of spying on the secretive Treblinka extermination camp for the AK. He kept cryptic notes with daily records of the extermination transports and also took the clandestine photograph of the burning Treblinka-II perimeter during the prisoner uprising.〔 Ząbecki was present at Treblinka for the first Holocaust train arrival from the Polish capital during the ''Grossaktion Warsaw'', commencing the final destruction of at least 254,000 Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto.〔〔Robert Moses Shapiro, ( Holocaust Chronicles ) Published by KTAV Publishing Inc. 1999 ISBN 0-88125-630-7, 302 pages. Retrieved 20 August 2013.〕〔Barbara Engelking-Boni; (Warsaw Ghetto Internet Database ) hosted by (Polish Center for Holocaust Research ) Fund for Support of Jewish Institutions or Projects, 2006. Retrieved 20 August 2013.〕 He was one of only a few non-German witnesses of all Jewish transports thereafter,〔 until the liquidation of the Treblinka death camp, with the last Jewish ''Sonderkommando'' workers sent to the gas chambers at the Sobibor extermination camp in five covered wagons on 20 October 1943.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Franciszek Ząbecki」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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